Atletika
Informace:
Atletika je základní sportovní odvětví, které zahrnuje přirozené pohybové vlastnosti člověka. Jsou to hlavně běhy, skoky a hody. Atletika zahrnuje různorodé pohybové činnosti, jejichž obsahem jsou pohyby cyklické, acyklické a smíšené podle charakteru jednotlivých disciplín. Uplatňují se při ní také základní dynamické zákony - jde o přechod z klidu do pohybu (start), změnu směru pohybu (odraz při skoku), dokončení pohybu (doskok). V atletických disciplinách se uplatňuje pohyb rovnoměrný (např. běh v trati) nebo pohyb rovnoměrně zrychlený přímočarý či rotační (např vrh koulí a hod diskem). Atletika zajišťuje všestranný rozvoj a současně poskytuje široký výběr pro sportovní vyžití. Atletická cvičení mohou být prováděna i v přírodních podmínkách (louka, les, park), což zvyšuje jejich emocionálnost a zdravotní význam. Jsou součástí tělesné přípravy většiny sportů.
Historie:
Atletika pochází z řeckého slova áthleon a původně znamenala boj, závod a soupeření mezi muži v arénách a stadionech, zejména na olympijských hrách v antickém řecku.
Olympijské hry:
Pokud nebudeme počítat se starověkými v Řecku, tak novodobé hry začali až na konci 19. století. Konkrétně v roce 1896, kdy se konali 1. Novodobé Olympijské hry. Tehdy obsahovali hry jen 12 disciplín a byly určeny jen pro muže. Pro ženy byly hry přístupny až v roce 1928. Od roku 1912 se berou světové rekordy za právoplatné a pravidla za oficiální. Od prvních Novodobých Olympijských her tedy uběhlo již 112 let a ty letošní v Londýně budou už 30.
Mistrovství světa:
V roce 1983 se konaly 1. mistrovsví světa v atletice v Helsinkách a až do roku 2011 se jich celkem konalo 13.
Osobnosti atletiky:
Usain Bolt
Narodil se 21. 8. 1986. Je to sprinter z Jamajky. Hvězda světového formátu, bývá označován za nejlepšího atleta současnosti. Dokázal díky svému extravagantnímu stylu projevu dostat atletiku zpět mezi nejoblíbenější sporty. Běhá 100 a 200 metrů a také štafety. Ve všech těchto disciplínách drží světové rekordy (9:58; 19:19 a 37:04). Je to též mistr světa a olympijský vítěz.
Jan Železný
Narodil se 16. 6. 1966 v Mladé Boleslavi. Je bývalý český oštěpař a dosud držitel platného světového rekordu a veteránského svět. rekordu (98,48m; 85,92m) a trojnásobný olympijský vítěz. Považován za nejlepšího oštěpaře všech dob.
Jelena Isinbajevová
Narozená 3. 6. 1982 ve Volgogradu. Je ruská tyčkařka, světová rekordmanka, dvojnásobná olympijská vítězka.
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